The index ranges from 0, for low activity, to 9, which means that an intense geomagnetic storm is under way. The map above shows you what the Kp-index needs … standardized K-index from 13 geomagnetic observatories between 44 degrees and 60 degrees

It nevertheless provides a good idea of what to expect.

I used the information found on this NOAA page to determine where the Kp lines would be. The 3-hourly ap (equivalent range) index

The map above shows you what the Kp-index needs to be to see the aurora overhead at a given location.

The faster the solar wind blows, the greater the turbulence. There are lower resolution Kp maps found on NOAA’s page which I used to confirm the accuracy of this map. The Kp-index is calculated by combining the data from multiple magnetic observatories around the world to determine the global planetary index. Everything you need to know to find the Northern Lights in Iceland. The Kp-index describes the disturbance of the Earth’s magnetic field caused by the solar wind. Below you'll find the expected global geomagnetic conditions (Kp) and those for the middle and high latitudes (K-indices). Take a look at the maps below that are from the University of Alaska. If the current Kp-index is greater than the line shown on the map, the aurora will often fill the entire sky. Locations directly underneath the auroral oval can see the lights on almost any clear dark night. During a geomagnetic storm when the Kp-index increases, the aurora will expand towards the equator and can be seen from a much wider area. Other irregular current systems northern or southern geomagnetic latitude. Lack of Precision of Kp Index. This explains why locations near the US-Canada border see the aurora a couple times a month on average while similar latitudes in Europe virtually never see the lights. introduced by J. Bartels in 1938, it consists of a single-digit 0 thru 9 for each 3-hour During the strongest of geomagnetic storms faint auroras have even been spotted in the southern US. interval of the universal time day (UT). The scale is O to 9 expressed in thirds of a unit, e.g. The Kp index technically runs from 1 to 9, with a 1 indicating quiet and a 9 indicating an extreme geomagnetic storm. Generally once the Kp-index reaches a certain threshold it will fill the northern half of the sky (in the northern hemisphere) all the way up to the zenith along the corresponding line on the map. Since these observatories do not report their data in real-time, various operations centers around the globe estimate the index based on data available from their local network of observatories. A simulated view of the current auroral oval can be seen on the live data page. The scale is 0 to 9 expressed in thirds of a unit; e.g., 5– is 42/ 3, 5 is 5 and 5+ is 51/ . A geomagnetic storm starts at Kp5 after which the G-scale is also used. See the current Kp-index on the Live Data page. 3.3. Kevin Palmer Photography, 10 Best Places in the World To See the Aurora, See the current Kp-index on the Live Data page. This planetary index is de- magnetosphere, by the magnetosphere itself, by the interactions between the magnetosphere However, the final Kp variation curve is a stack of the curves of thousands of earthquakes. The Kp-Index does just that by utilising a scale from 0 to 9 where 9 represents a hugely significant geomagnetic storm. Kp index numbers from 5 to 9 are also referred to by "G" numbers for geometric storms.

Magnetic activity indices were designed to describe variation in the geomagnetic The planetary 3-hour-range index Kp is the mean Magnetometers measure the strength of Earth’s magnetic field to determine the K-index, which is tied to a specific station.

The geomagnetic north pole is currently (as of 2020) located at 80.7°N, 72.7°W, Ellesmere Island, Canada. These values indicate the expected geomagnetic activity for any given 3-hour period for the next three days. This planetary index is designed to measure The following information – from the book Your Guide to the Northern lights and night sky above Iceland (published in early 2019)– describes how different Kp-indices look like as seen from Iceland: It’s important to note that the Kp-index does not definitively predict the strength of the Northern Lights. FTP, The header and web page search is in an undisplayed frame - follow this link to view it. It is actually centered around the geomagnetic poles, which are different from the geographic poles. This means that North America has a big advantage when it comes to seeing the northern lights.

Each map is a very accurate representation of where the aurora will normally be at local midnight for each Kp value. You may have noticed that this oval is not centered exactly around the poles at 90° north or south. The Kp-index is calculated by combining the data from multiple magnetic observatories around the world to determine the global planetary index. The Ap* index is defined as the earliest occurring maximum 24-hour value obtained by The faster the solar wind blows, the greater the turbulence. This calculator was then used to convert the geomagnetic latitudes to geographic. I plotted 360 coordinate points in each hemisphere. The lights can commonly be seen from much further south in North America compared to Europe and Asia, which are further from this pole. The southern geomagnetic pole is much closer to Australia compared to Africa or South America. Note that as a storm becomes more intense, the edge of the auroral boundary typically moves to lower latitudes. The index ranges from 0, for low activity, to 9, which means that an intense geomagnetic storm is under way. The Ap index is derived from the Kp index in a way that is analogous with the relationship between the station K-index and station A-index. and ionosphere, and by the ionosphere itself.

Kp Index (Solar Activity) The Kp index is a scale of 0-9 that represents the level of solar activity. Each individual, three-hourly Kp index is converted to an equivalent amplitude three-hourly a kp index, and the average of eight, three-hourly a kp indices is calculated to produce the 24 hour Ap index. If the Kp-index is slightly less than the line shows for a given location, the aurora may still appear low on the horizon. Click on image to see larger version of graph. However, such storms are very rare indeed (approx. The following information – from the book Your Guide to the […] Daily regular magnetic field variation arise from current systems caused by regular 1 every 3 years) and historical records point to Kp1, Kp2 and, to a lesser extent Kp3, being far and away the most frequent levels. See the current Kp-index on the Live Data page . You can download the Kp, Ap, and other indices via The scale is O to 9 expressed in thirds of a Its draw-back is the increments; 0.0, 0.33, 0.67, 1.0, ・・・, 8.0, 8.33, 8.67, 9.0, consisting of only 28 sparse ticks. The auroral oval is a ring around the earth’s poles where the aurora likes to hang out. DarkSiteFinder 

About Kp Index This is why Tasmania and New Zealand commonly see the southern lights while other continents do not. For further reading we can recommend a couple of books for you. The Kp-index was introduced by a German scientist named Julius Bartels in 1939. produce magnetic field changes caused by the interaction of the solar wind with the The official planetary Kp-index is derived by calculating a weighted average of K-indices from a network of geomagnetic observatories. But a perfect viewing location and good eyes are usually required to see it. The Kp-index describes the disturbance of the Earth’s magnetic field caused by the solar wind. [email protected] Kp index is a historical index of nearly a hundred years of records. This is when a camera is helpful to pick up fainter displays.

field caused by these irregular current systems. The KML file can be downloaded at this link, but there are some bugs with the Google My Maps viewer. Kp index—The planetary 3-hour-range index Kp is the mean standardized K- index from 13 geomagnetic observatories between 44 degrees and 60 degrees northern or southern geomagnetic latitude. Predicted Kp-indices. The light blue Kp0 line represents the location of the auroral oval. The data below shows the K-index for the past week, as measured from Leirvogur Magnetic Observatory. A Kp index of 5 is also G1, a minor geomagnetic storm. The Kp-index is a scale used to characterize the magnitude of geomagnetic disturbances. event and is uniquely associated with the storm event. relative to an assumed quiet-day curve for a single geomagnetic observatory site. 5- is 4 2/3, 5 is 5 and 5+ is 5 1/3. The planetary 3-hour-range index Kp is the mean standardized K-index from 13 geomagnetic observatories between 44 degrees and 60 degrees northern or southern geomagnetic latitude. The abbreviation Kp comes from the German "Kennziffer Planetarische," which translates loosely as “planetary index number,” although it is better known in English as simply the planetary index, and is usually designated as Kp [number from 0 – 9]. The higher the number the more the aurora will push south. solar radiation changes. The Kp index is derived through by an algorithm that essentially averages the K-indices from several stations. is derived from the Kp index as follows: Other planetary indices include the Ap* and AA*. First 5- is 4 2/3, 5 is 5 and 5+ is 5 1/3. Always take a Kp-index forecast with a pinch of salt. The K-index is quasi-logarithmic local index of the 3-hourly range in magnetic activity unit, e.g. computing an 8-point running average of successive 3-hour ap indices during a geomagnetic storm

solar particle radiation by its magnetic effects. The AA* index is similar to the Ap* index, but has a longer history and is based on reports from only two stations. The geomagnetic three-hourly Kp index was introduced by J. Bartels in 1949 and is derived from the standardized K index (Ks) of 13 magnetic observatories.It is designed to measure solar particle radiation by its magnetic effects and today it is considered a proxy for the energy input from the solar wind to Earth.

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