ridge crest. rather rather slow to us, but is very fast on the geological time scale. This unit is an adaptation of Exploring Plate Motion and Deformation in California with GPS. measured, including analyzing patterns of magnetic age markers recorded in rocks on the ocean floor, measuring ages The line of measurement crosses the magnetic isochron stripes sideways
Fossil evidence of the Early Mesozoic, land-dwelling reptile Lystrosaurus.
Each pattern represents a different geologic region. Instead we think of motion as a straight line from point a to point b. measurements or calculations, following the Calculations and Graphs standards. Describe the pattern in earthquake depth at subduction zones.
up through the Pacific Plate, creating an active volcano.
of plate motion is given by the orientation of the chain of seamounts and The collision of two plates leads to suturing; the two plates become one when the collision ends. Put geologic events in order and determine the age of geologic materials by analyzing ages of different Lab Reports physics Ph-101 lab#4 - Lab report Lab 2 Measurements - Lab report Lab #5 PH-101 - Lab report Ph-101 lab #6 - Lab report PH-101 LAB #7 - Lab report. File has been successfully imported to Canvas but it showed up in Discussions. different analytical techniques. Plate Tectonics: Plate tectonics is the theory that explains how large pieces of the earth’s outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape. The Western margin of South America is a tectonically active region where the Nazca Plate subducts under the South American Plate (Figure 1.7), creating the Andes Mountains (Google Earth link).
How do the calculated results compare to your results? In the Measuring the Earth with GPS module, this unit can be used in sequence with the other units or alone. Construct or examine graphs to analyze correlations between types of data.
Color the areas with these fossils orange. age; a typical Hawaiian volcano builds up over several hundred thousand years. The faults show up on the map timeline of magnetic isochrons going back more than 10 million years. 42 million years ago (the age of the volcanoes at the bend in the chain), of seafloor spreading predicts that the magnetic profiles on either side of a
long altogether. In particular, it may be useful for them to compare their answers to Questions 4â6. HS-P6.2: Analyzing and Interpreting Data: Evaluate the impact of new data on a working explanation and/or model of a proposed process or system. The dashed line marks the crest, or axis, of the ridge. For example, an eroded, linear mountain belt in the middle of a continent would indicate that area was part of a convergent boundary deep in the geologic past, and likely a continent-continent collision.
This is called the azimuth and is usually measured clockwise from the north. Human fingernails grow at the low end of the rates of plate motion, a few cm/yr. Students can complete this handout as homework, in-class individually or in small groups, or in a lab in small groups. age of that part of the ocean floor. The profiles
as straight, solid back lines offsetting the colored magnetic strips. Geology 101 - Introduction to Physical Geology, Part 2. Magnetic isochrons around the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Part 3. the uppermost layer of the Earth as defined by physical properties. Interpret spatial and quantitative information with maps and diagrams by analyzing plate tectonics using
Hide were measured by a ship that crossed the ridge in four places. Of course, there are other factors that affect the shape of a boundary.
In addition, if the students are working in class or lab on the questions, the instructor can circulate and listen to student conversations and answer questions to ensure that the desired learning is occurring.
They may also not realize that the earthquake hazard for a given area depends on the difference in movement between stations, not the movement from one station considered alone. One of these boundaries is older than the other. Based on the topography of Australia (Figure 1.10), do you think this region is tectonically active today? building through eruptions of lava ceases, the erosional forces of tropical
This diagram is Figure 17.8 from Jones and Jones, Laboratory Manual for The foundations of plate tectonics began with a German scientist named. Color the areas with these fossils yellow. Fossils of these plants are found in Europe and other areas. matching the spacings of the dark and white pattern they form. The standard Partial melting of the asthenosphere above the subducting slab occurs at a certain depth and is what leads to volcanism. Which hotspot track has more volcanism? Fossils of the fern Glossopteris have been found in these locations. In particular, it may be useful for them to compare their answers to Questions 4â6. When you are satisfied with the fit of the continents, discuss the evidence with your classmates and decide if the evidence is compelling or not.
It is very difficult to sample Jingu's older rocks; they are covered by the
The outer layer of the earth consists of tectonic plates, each of which is moving in its own direction. If you do not wish to assign the handout for students to complete while watching the animation, you can instead ask Questions 3â6, 7, and 9 as discussion questions after watching the animation.
real-world data the magnetic isochrons do not form perfectly parallel stripes on either side By combining these data with your ability to measure, plot, and analyze data Based on the topography, mark two areas that have been part of a plate tectonic boundary in the geologic past?
where magnetic north is today. social science, engineering, and other sciences, as well as courses for interdisciplinary programs. Include: friction, stress, time. However, allowing for disruption along faults, can you see the magnetic isochrons forming a mirror It describes the difference between absolute motion and relative motion with regards to plate boundaries. recently. Creative Commons license unless otherwise noted below. Washington State Colleges
For example, in subduction zones most earthquakes occur along the boundary of the subducting slab and the overriding slab. were gathered to allow the magnetic isochrons to be mapped out as color contours. The speed of the North American plate (for example) is fairly typical
Activities 1 and 2 can be completed as homework, and Activity 3 can be completed as an in-class activity or lab exercise; Activity 1 can be completed in class, Activity 2 completed as homework, and Activity 3 completed in lab; or. Label the old and young boundaries. calculate the age of crust from its distance from where it originated. The effects of flat-slab subduction are many, including shallower earthquakes, uplifting of mountains, and changing the location and activity of volcanoes.
The hot spot magma source is
are magnetized pointing to magnetic north in the same direction as magnetic ocean floor. For example.
Also, their anatomy suggests that these animals were probably very poor swimmers. Attribution 3.0 United States License. Pay close attention to the y-axis. Students can compare their predictions for the locations of earthquakes to the, A map of the Earthquake Shaking Potential for California can be found on the, Short URL: https://serc.carleton.edu/220793. The white stripes between the colored stripes are areas where the ocean created or reviewed by content experts for accuracy of the science content. As the North American Plate moves over these hotspots, calderas form from volcanic activity; one of the largest volcanic eruptions ever occurred when the Huckleberry Ridge tuff erupted 2 million years ago above the Yellowstone hotspot. a wide variety of sources and researchers, which can introduce uncertainties. at the earth's surface. This particular activity uses data from GPS stations in southern California to better understand bedrock motion near transform plate boundaries. Since they are rotating around a point on a sphere, different locations on the plate move at dissimilar speed and direction. velocities of sea floor spreading. Unit 2: Earthquakes, GPS, and Plate Movement. that opens in a new window.
an aligned group of mountain ranges that form from the same cause, usually an orogeny or convergent plate boundary, a topographic depression of the sea floor, relatively narrow in width, but very long usually associated with convergent plate boundaries. Daniel Hauptvogel, Virginia Sisson, Carlos Andrade, Melissa Hansen. (as close to right angles as possible). Individually or as a group, piece together the supercontinent Pangea.
Students will conclude by using that data to support a recommendation they make about an issue relevant to society. If they occur under oceanic crust, they produce basalts. The line of measurement comes out sideways from (at right angles to) the
However, you will submit your exercise answers using the "Lab Answers" link.
Over time mountain ranges are weathered and eroded, and the topography slowly goes back to base level. What are the layers of the earth? For instance they may think the GPS station itself is moving rather than the ground it is attached to. Exercise is adapted from “This Dynamic Planet” by the USGS. When completing the worksheet you will analyze magnetic profiles of the ocean floor. By tracking and reporting sources of uncertainty, the There are open-ended and multiple-choice questions included. independent of the magnetic profile method you will use in Parts I and II.
Material on this page is offered under a
motion. was it moving during the formation of the Emperor Chain? If this is done in class, suggestions for formative assessment discussions are given in the teaching tips, below. These hotspots are on the North American plate, this means the plate rotates around a point in the middle of northern Quebec. spreading ridge should be mirror images, symmetric and equally spaced.
Martinod, J., Husson, L., Roperch, P., Guillaume, B., and Espurt, N., 2010, Horizontal subduction zones, convergence velocity and the building of the Andes. The answer is no; the paper will want to fold in some places and tear in other places.
The colored areas are where the ocean floor has normal magnetism, with
Evidence of these ancient boundaries is most commonly in the form of linear mountain belts that are not currently near a plate tectonic boundary.
How can you measure distances sideways from the ridge to the farthest magnetic Here are slides showing the GPS data and stations to aid in class discussion, if desired (graphs are to the right of the slides): The Activity 3 Answer Key includes a rubric for the more complex question related to providing earthquake hazard advice and examples of student answers.