A letter of two phrases, “In the Beginning Was Armenia” and “Thanks to Levon,” with the signature Essam Nagy, framed alongside a photograph of the khachkar was a perfect closure for our exciting and pleasant journey across the Land of Apricots. [150] In 2019 Armenia has sent 83 soldiers to Syria for mine-cleaning and humanitarian mission there.[151]. Soviet relics and souvenirs of recent Russian manufacture – nesting dolls, watches, enamel boxes and so on – are also available at the Vernisage. Nagy and the statue of Mother Armenia, Despite the Armenian Genocide and the attempts to obscure the Christian identity of Armenia, in the course of three interviews in the documentary, we see that the minorities in Armenia harmonize with the Christian majority. It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets. English is still far behind Russian in terms of knowledge among Armenians. Yerevan: Hayastan, 1997, (pp. [3] A 2012 opinion poll showed that 94% of Armenians have basic knowledge of Russian, with 24% having advanced knowledge, 59% intermediate knowledge and 11% having beginner lever knowledge of the language. After independence, the importance of agriculture in the economy increased markedly, its share at the end of the 1990s rising to more than 30% of GDP and more than 40% of total employment. [6] Russian language television stations (four as of 2003)[7] and newspapers are widely available in Armenia. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, Inc., 2008. Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, first geographical entity that was called Armenia, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Armenian intellectuals were arrested by Ottoman authorities, International Association of Genocide Scholars, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, History of Armenia § Independent Armenia (1991-today), Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Armenia-EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement, Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, National Polytechnic University of Armenia, "The ethnic minorities in Armenia. Prior to this, during the latter part of the Parthian period, Armenia was a predominantly Zoroastrian country.[63]. During the Arabic conquest, Islam came to the Armenians; however, very few Armenians converted to Islam, since Christians were not required to convert by Muslim law. During the Nagorno-Karabakh War, and citing it as the reason, Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993. "Education". [97], As it enters the 21st century, Armenia faces many hardships. [145], Armenia ranked 29th for economic freedom and 76th for personal freedom among 159 countries in the 2017 Human Freedom Index published by the Cato Institute .[146][147]. Universities in Russian, English and French exist in the capital city of Armenia, [9], Rapid Russification started during the Soviet period, particularly after Stalin's coming to power in the mid-1930s, when Russian became lingua franca of the Soviet Union. [22] Its economy is primarily based on industrial output and mineral extraction. In Woodard, Roger D. During World War I, 1.5 million Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide.
[171] Another seventy specialised secondary institutions had 45,900 students, and 68,400 students were enrolled in a total of ten postsecondary institutions that included universities. [186] There are also Kurds who practice Sunni Islam. [18] A university named Fondation Université Française en Arménie (French University in Armenia) was founded in 2000 according to the agreement between Armenian and French governments. Kurmanji is the largest minority language of Armenia spoken by the Yazidi minority. 50% of Armenians think that English should be taught in public secondary schools compared to 44% preferring Russian. There was no notation for zero in the old system, and the numeric values for individual letters were added together.
The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina ( ). French and several other languages have also begun to be studied and used. The Catholicossate of the Great House of Cilicia (also known as the Holy See of Cilicia) has established the "Diocese of Kuwait and the Persian Gulf Countries" headquartere… But one of the main sources of foreign direct investments remains the Armenian diaspora, which finances major parts of the reconstruction of infrastructure and other public projects. Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Clarendon Press", "Charles, R.H. (1913). After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the establishment of the State of Israel, a number of Armenians residing in what had been the British Mandate of Palestine took up Israeli citizenship, whereas other Armenian residents of Old City of Jerusalem and the territory captured by Jordan took on the Jordanian nationality. [citation needed].
Ter-Petrosyan led Armenia alongside Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan through the Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighbouring Azerbaijan. Learning how to do an Armenian folk dance, A flashy point about the factual film is Essam’s active participation. [121][122] This was for the Turkish Government the reason to back down from the Protocols. [170], The country's Strategy for the Development of Science 2011–2020 envisions that 'by 2020, Armenia is a country with a knowledge-based economy and is competitive within the European Research Area with its level of basic and applied research.' Hovannisian, Richard, and Simon Payaslian. there are also economic migrants coming from Armenia and Armenians from Russia. Armenia first participated at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona under a unified CIS team, where it was very successful, winning three golds and one silver in weightlifting, wrestling and sharp shooting, despite only having five athletes. Although there are no clear statistics and their numbers vary, over time their number has increased to around 3,000. This occurred after mass demonstrations took place on the tragic event's fiftieth anniversary in 1965. Levon deeply loved his homeland and used to talk about it proudly.