IV based on an existing difference between people e.g. The emotive language will make them feel and lean towards the side that the author of the questionnaire was on.

The interviewer may be able to get more of a sense of how truthful the participant is being than in a questionnaire, however. This produces qualitative data, which is rich in detail. Potentially there is access to a very large sample. Laboratory: Conducted in a highly controlled environment. Examples of case studies include HM, whose memory was damaged following an operation.

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Questionnaires can be sent to (potentially) thousands of people, without the researcher needing to be present whilst they are completed. The IV is manipulated to see the impact on the DV, whilst the effects of other variables are minimised as far as possible. For example, if the researcher wanted to examine how males and females are portrayed in TV advertisements, they could create a list of categories (e.g product user, product voice-over) and then count how many occurrences there were, for each gender in each category. Correlations can be positive, meaning that as one variable increases, so does the other one, for example as the number of people present increases, so does the rate of obedience. LS23 6AD, Tel: +44 0844 800 0085 West Yorkshire, Then join our FREE teacher CPD webinars, Updated map of the human brain hailed as a scientific tour de force, Influence of Early Attachment on Childhood and Adult Relationships, Explanations of Resistance to Social Influence, Approaches: MCQ Revision Test 2 for AQA A Level Psychology, Biopsychology: MCQ Revision Test 2 for AQA A Level Psychology, A Level Psychology - Psychopathology Topic Quiz, Phobias, Depression and OCD - Emotional & Cognitive Characteristics, Attachment: Knowledge Book for AQA A-Level Psychology, Memory: Exam Buster Revision Guide for AQA A Level Psychology, Advertise your teaching jobs with tutor2u. e.g. AQA Psychology A-level: Research Methods (part 1) Two or more researchers observe the same behaviour at the same time then compare and amend results to create correlations. For example, Williams (1986) looked at the effects on gender attitudes after the introduction of TV to a small town in Canada. I prioritised revision on evaluation, necessary for accessing higher grade! The responses will usually be easy to analyse, especially if the questions are closed.

A small-scale version of an investigation that takes place before the real investigation is conducted. For example, giving researchers lists of words to remember, giving them another task to prevent rehearsal, then testing their recall of the information. For example, Piliavin (1969) got a confederate to collapse on a train when smelling of alcohol or carrying a walking stick, and seeing how many people helped in each condition. 1. Alternatively, questions can be closed, in which there are a set of answers participants must choose from- for example ‘do you think that people follow orders because of (a) the situation they are in, or (b) their personality?’. Use these revision materials to help with your studies of Research Methods for A-Level Psychology. Overt observations are when the participant does know they are being watched, and have given prior consent to do so. Negative means that one variable increases whilst the other decreases, for example as the level of anxiety increases, the accuracy of eyewitness testimony decreases. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. Joseph is a Subject Advisor for Psychology at tutor2u. Questions can be open, in which the participant can answer in any way they wish- for example, ‘why do you think people follow orders?’. Both variables move in the same direction. From specification 7181, 7182 - Psychology in context (paper 2) I achieved an A* in Psychology A-level in 2018, across all three papers. Types include: Naturalistic and controlled: Naturalistic observations take place within a natural, non-manipulated environment, for example in a workplace or school. Field: The experimenter manipulates an IV in a more natural setting. Observations involve watching and recording people’s behaviour in a natural setting. Observations by themselves are non-experimental, but observational techniques can be used as part of an experiment. Leading the "please-U effect or the screw-U effect to occur", Any unwanted influence of the investigator on the research outcome. Testing the null hypothesis, carefully controlled observations & experiments to gather focus & evidence. e.g. West Yorkshire, Includes a list of possible options and respondents are required to indicate those that apply to them, list of questions that the interviewer intends to cover, should be standardised for each participant, Give 3 things to write good interview questions, - technical terms that are only familiar to those within a specialised field or area. Here is an overall topic quiz on research methods as featured in the AQA A Level Psychology specification. Controlled observations are more manipulated, for example the Strange Situation, so that variables are more controlled and effects of particular situations can be seen. The IV is manipulated to see the impact on the DV, whilst the effects of other variables are minimised as far as possible. London WC1R 4HQ. Fax: +44 01937 842110, We’re proud to sponsor TABS Cricket Club, Harrogate Town AFC and the Wetherby Junior Cricket League as part of our commitment to invest in the local community, Company Reg no: 04489574 | VAT reg no 816865400, © Copyright 2018 |Privacy & cookies|Terms of use, Core Topics Revision Flashcards for AQA A Level Psychology, Example Answers for Research Methods: A Level Psychology, Paper 2, June 2019 (AQA), Research Methods: MCQ Revision Test 2 for AQA A Level Psychology, Example Answers for Research Methods: A Level Psychology, Paper 2, June 2018 (AQA), Research Methods: MCQ Revision Test 1 for AQA A Level Psychology, Example Answer for Question 8 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 7 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 18 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 17 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 16 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 15 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 14 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), ​Example Answer for Question 12 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 13 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 11 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), ​Example Answer for Question 10 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), ​Example Answer for Question 19 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), ​Example Answer for Question 20 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), ​Example Answer for Question 21 Paper 2: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 5 Paper 1: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Example Answer for Question 4 Paper 1: A Level Psychology, June 2017 (AQA), Mental bias can leave us unprepared for disasters, Reliability and validity - Kilogram gets a new definition. Content analysis is high in external validity, as what is being analysed is the material that people consume in ‘real life’. All students preparing to take AQA A-Level Psychology exams in Summer 2021. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Three Essential Paper 2 Research Method Videos for A Level Psychology Students, Psychology Revision Webinars Are Now Available On-Demand, Q&A from AQA: Parametric vs. Non-Parametric Tests, Q&A from AQA: The Sign Test & Significance, Q&A from AQA: Calculating Statistical Tests, Amusing Graphs ‘Prove’ That Correlation Does Not Imply Causation, Visualise This: Using Technology to Model Research Method Answers, Too Much Neuroscience? Features of science - Paradigm & Paradigm shifts, - set of shared assumptions & methods within a discipline, Testing the validity & reliability in order for it to be trusted, Reduces bias in research, not open to interpretation, completely value free, showing something to be untrue, you look for any other answer to ensure your right. A case study is an in-depth investigation, usually of one person or a small group of people. They are plotted on a graph known as a scattergram/scattergraph. This website and its content is subject to our Terms and time, temperature, length, Probability of results occurring by chance is less than 5% (p<0.05)`, a way of mathematically assessing the likelihood of an event occurring/not occurring. Summarises qualitative data, researcher looks for themes that recur in narratives and summarises main themes using quotations from the evidence as support, Test - retest : Same test/questionnaire given to the same person after a while, Ways to improve reliability of questionnaires, If there is a low test re test reliability = rewrite/ take away some questions or replace open questions with closed questions, Ways to improve reliability of Interviews, Train interviewers or use them same on each time, Ways to improve reliability of experiments, Face validity: does it measure what it's supposed to when looking at it, Ways of improving validity of experiments, Ways of improving validity of questionnaire, Lies scale + confidentiality to control social desirability bias, Ways of improving validity of observations, Ways of improving validity of qualitative research, Reporting psychological investigations - Title, Reporting psychological investigations - Abstract, Summary of report, aim, hypothesis, method, results & conclusions, Reporting psychological investigations - Introduction, Literature review, existing theories and studies related, Reporting psychological investigations - Method, Detailed enough for replication, design, sample, materials, procedure, ethics, Reporting psychological investigations - Results, Key findings, descriptive statistics (graphs, tables etc.

Evaluation of a quasi - experimental design? Using exactly the same formalised procedures and instructions for all participants in a research study. AQA A-Level Psychology: Paper 2 - Research Methods - YouTube 4.2.1 Approaches in Psychology . What are the three steps in choosing a statistical test? Group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying, Group of people selected from the target population to take part in the study, Method used used to select the sample from the target population, All members of the target population have an equal chance of being selected, Every nth member of the target population is selected, Dividing the population into strata then selecting a sample from each of these groups, reflects the proportions of people in the target population in the sample, Researchers may simply decide to select anyone who happens to be willing and available, Participants selecting themselves to be part of the sample, Making participants aware of the aims of the research , procedures their right and what the data would be used for, Deliberately misleading or withholding information from participants at any stage of the investigation, Protection from psychological and physcial harm, Participants should not be placed at risk, Participants have the right to control information about themselves.

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